Human sexuality Essay

Psychology illustrates love as a cognitive and social phenomenon of feeling of intimacy. According to Robert Sternberg devised a triangular theory love and claimed that love has three constituents’ commitment, intimacy and passion. Intimacy is a form through which two individuals share self-assurances and various aspects of their personal lives and is normally portrayed in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment is the expectation that the love will be enduring. Passionate love is shown through infatuation and sexual attraction together with romantic love. All forms of love differ with regard to passion, commitment and intimacy. Psychology holds that in love there is attachment, bonds, ties and affinity. Biological representation of love perceives love as a mammalian drive similar to thirst. Biologists view love as influenced by hormones like oxytocin, pheromones and neutrophins and the thoughts and behavior of individuals regarding love. The conservative perception in bilgy regarding love n that there are two major drives in love attachment and sexual attraction. Attachment between grown-up is assumed t work on the same principles that make an infant to get attached to the mother. Lust is the early passionate seal desire which encourages mating and entails increased release of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. Attraction is the more personalized and romantic desire to a particular for mating that develops through lust as a commitment to a person mate forms. Present neural studies have shown that when individuals fall in love, the brain constantly discharges a particular set of chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, pheromones, and norepinephrine that work in the same way as amphetamines. This stimulates the brain enjoyment center resulting to side effects which include; lack of sleep, increased heart rate, and loss of appetite and intense feeling of anticipation. Since last and attraction are only temporary attachment is the next stage that endorses the relationship to last longer based on commitments to marriage and child bearing. Attachment is associated with high proportion production of oxytocin and vasopressin. There are also high levels of nerve growth factor when individuals fall in love. Christian understanding regarding love is that love originates from God. Christian’s theologians perceive God as the ultimate source of love which is reflected in human beings and their own loving associations. Two connotations of love in Christian faith are agape love which defines selfless, humane, charitable and unconditional love. It is this love that was demonstrated in parental love, and viewed in creating the world, it trough this love God demonstrates his love for humankind and is the same love which Christian desire for one another. Phileo is the human love to something wonderful also known as brotherly love. Christians consider that people should Love God will all their heart, mind, and strength and love their neighbor as they love themselves as the greatest commandment.

Ap World Histroy Dbq

DBQ Political, religious, and social factors affected the work of scientist in the sixteenth and seventeenth century in many ways. They were the reasons why natural philosophers questioned, studied, and continued to find new information in their discoveries. Developing a new scientific worldview must have required an abundance of controversy dealing with these important factors. There were people who believed that the discoveries made should not interfere with political power. *Thomas Hobbes, an English Philosopher, certainly believed in many theories’ that scientists had viewed. However he is best known for his political thought.Certainly his political views were included in his scientific works (Doc 7). Louis XVI, a political power, showed interest into the scientific studies. This evidently showed on a drawing to honor Louis XVI’s visit to the French Royal Academy (Doc 10). Clearly, science was encouraged to flourish because people knew the happiness of the country, for not only depending on the arms abroad but for also creating abundances at home (Doc 11). The social factor was furthermost likely to have been more analyzed in scientist works. Many were interested in what people thought of them and their studies.Scientist were even more proficient in removing their experiments completely if people disagreed. Marin Mersenne guaranteed that his experiments had been repeated more than 100 times, but however was willing to change them if someone did not agree. Others however, were confident in their studies and did not care for much criticism (Doc 1). The reason for why natural philosophers were sometimes held back was because they truly did not know what their objective was. This is most likely why they made slight progress in the sixteenth and seventeenth centauries (Doc 4). Religion was unquestionably a factor scientist considered.They took the principles of God into their works. It appeared impossible to them how things could have so much aston ishing features and qualities and still have been created out of nature. They knew these things became to exist from an immeasurable wisdom and power (Doc 8). Just as God governs minds, minds have specific laws which place them above the moments of matter (Doc 12). Bible stories were used as comparisons with scientific views, such as John Calvin mentioning Moses who wrote in a popular style where all ordinary persons gifted with common sense and were able to be understood (Doc 2). He is a French Protestant theologian which may be what leads him to trust that astronomy unfolds the admirable wisdom of God. There were those who were not affected with political, religious, and social factors because they were limited on human rights. Women had certain difficulties in the scientific area. Margret Cavendish would have set her own school of natural philosophy if she would have not have feared the casting of a male school. *Margaret, a natural philosopher, was certainly interested in discov eries however, she understood the complications of having a part in this grouping (Doc 9).Studies should have been allowed from those who wished to learn, as well as those who selected to reject whatever is unidentified to them (Doc2). Both genders could have formed a friendship between intelligent associations; this would have been a great aid to the investigation and education of the truth (Doc 6). Political, religious, and social factors were massive topics. Natural Philosophers certainly were aware of their process of studies and experiments. They all had different views on the three factors causing old and new discoveries to be more interesting.

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay Example for Free

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay In 20th century a lot of important changes was made in Britain prison system. A lot of crucial moves in this matter were made, which made changes to the system, and create the current system in prisons. A lot of reports and changes plans were made in this crucial for the matter period. The beginning for this period was made in 1895 with Gladstone report, which was highly critical of the current penal policy. It criticised existing regimes for ‘crushing self respect’ and ‘starving all moral instinct’. The report argued that reformation should coexist with deterrence and that rehabilitation should be given priority. Victorians focused upon repression and punishment. They used inflexible and punitive methods of control. Gladstone felt these should be replaced with more scientific methods of ‘treatment’. In addition, prison commissioners for the first time in 1898, defined the purpose of prison as the ‘humanisation of the individual’1. Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise insisted that ‘each man convicted of crime is to be regarded as an individual, as a separate entity of morality, who by the application of influences, of discipline, labour, education, moral and religious, backed up on discharge by a well organised system of patronage is capable of reinstatement in civic life’2. Weiner (1990) stated, â€Å"It is now recognised that primitive measures alone are not corrective, and effective reformation of criminals can only be attained by making our prisons true schools and moral hospitals†. Forsythe (1991) argues that new projects often fell short of the claims made for them. He says that in particular, the local and convict prisons ‘clung tenaciously to the concepts of measured punishment, moral culpability, limited deterrence and uniformly administered discipline’. It is a fact that the process of reform was often slow and not al all easy to perceive. From 1900 onwards a number of radical changes were made to the standard prison regime: 1) Unproductive labour was officially abandoned and replaced by prison industries and work considered ‘useful’, 2) The separate system was gradually eroded, allowing prisoners to work in association, 3) Education was increased and improved, 4) Internal discipline was maintained through a reward/punishment system related to the introduction of remission, 5) Specialists such as psychologists were appointed, 6) Prisoner categorisation was extended, 7) The Borstal system was introduced for juveniles, 8) A commitment to reformation became enshrined in the Prison Rule that stipulated that the purpose of imprisonment was to encourage prisoners to ‘lead a good and useful life’3, 9) During the 1930s the treadmill and arrows on convict uniforms were abolished. According to Garland (1985) the most radical reforms of this era took place outside of the prison system: 1) The introduction of the probation service, 2) Alternatives to custody emerged, 3) Construction of specialist institutions4. Garland views these major transformations as the beginnings of our current practice. Garland prefers to talk of developments in a whole realm of penality rather than prison reform5. Additionally, in 1908 Borstals6 were put on a statutory footing – implemented by Herbert Gladstone. The name Borstal comes from the village in Kent where the first Borstal scheme got its first full-scale trial. Borstals took English public schools as their model and their sentences were indeterminate. Criminals aged between 16 – 21 could be sent to Borstal for between one and three years. The prison Commission could release on licence at any time after six months (or three months for girls) and could also recall for misbehaviour. Borstal faltered after 1945 really because success rates were measured by reconviction rates. 1982 the administration of Margaret Thatcher formally abolished the Borstal and replaced it with the ‘Youth Custody Centre’ – with determinate sentences of imprisonment. Paterson7 replaced military type training with delegated authority and encouragement of personal responsibility. Staffs wore civilian clothing and were encouraged to get to know the ‘lads’ personally – considered revolutionary in the 1920s. The Borstal notion of training prisoners through personal relations, trust and responsibility gradually had an impact on the prison system as a whole. Two borstal elements were transplanted into the adult system with long lasting effects: 1. 1936 the first minimum-security (open) prison was established at New Hall, near Wakefield. 2. The housemaster was renamed ‘assistant governor’. The post war developments where about the Easier bail, Probation, Time to pay fines, a reduction in time to be served for a partial payment of fines, Reformatories for juveniles, Curtailment of imprisonment for debt and, More facilities for the insane and for habitual drunkards. In 1928 the then Home Secretary had described Dartmoor convict prison as ‘the cesspool of English humanity’ â€Å"I suppose there must be some residuum which no training or help will ever improve†8. Furthermore in 1948 Paterson and his colleagues framed Criminal justice Act. This was a highly influential piece of legislation. Borstal had represented the opposite view and resurrected the possibility of reformatory prison. Borstals and Detention Centres began to lose favour: neither for deterrence or reform was the short sentence acceptable. This is one of the elements in the English prison-crowding crisis – which became acute in the 1970s and 1980s and with which the country is still wrestling. Deterrence – Youth prisons known as Detention Centres were intended to subject boys (and half-heartedly, girls) who were thought to be on the verge of a custodial career to a last chance ‘short, sharp, shock’. Separate institutions for pre trial prisoners were planned but never created: these would be custodial but non-penal institutions. Due to the war, there were no funds and little sympathy for unconvinced detainees. McConville states that ‘thick skins and short purses ever since have ensured that English pre trial prisoners were treated worse than they were for virtually all of Victoria’s reign and much worse than their fellows who were convicted and sentenced’. The 1960s and early 1970s are seen as the beginning of the crisis years with British prisons. At last we can refer to System of Concentration. Mountbatten referred to the obvious advantages of an island prison holding all prisoners who posed a threat. A new prison was to be built on the Isle of Wight. This was rejected and the dispersal system became the preferred way of housing inmates. Since early 1966 new measurements of security have been implemented in selected prisons. Between 1969 and 1979 the prison service went through a number of riots. 70s and 80s dogged with accusations of brutality and violence directed at prisoners from the prison staff. Serious disturbances and riots had occurred in maximum-security prisons, which had led to reprisals against prisoners. British riots occurred within the new dispersal system: Parkhurst 1969, Albany 1971 & 1972, Gartree 1972, Hull 1976, and Gartree 1978. Hull riot will go down in history, as it was the prison staff who were ultimately tried and convicted. Special control units were introduced after the Gartree riot of 1972 for troublemakers over and above the existing segregation units. 1970s represent the years when reform and treatment had dwindled away and the whole prison system ran on the notion that ‘nothing works’. By 1978 both the courts and the prisons were in danger of serious collapse. Industrial relations were poor with prison staff. May Committee 1979 reported as a response to the previous troubled decade. They explored the issues of what the aim of imprisonment was; they agreed that the rhetoric of treatment and training had had its day. Finally, King and Morgan proposed the term ‘humane containment’: The current organisation of the prison system is heavily influenced by past practice. This has shaped the system that we now have today. So, it is difficult to assess progress of 20th Century. Harsh and punitive experience of prison overrides any idea of progressive treatment. Biggest rises can be seen from 1974 onwards. It is a fact that this matter is very important and serious for the society and has to be developed according to the needs of the society according to its progress at times. 1. Goffman, E. (1961) Asylums, Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Harmondsworth 2. Jones, K. (1993) Asylums and After: A Revised History of the Mental Health Services from the Early Eighteenth Century to the 1990’s. 3. Morris, N and Rothman, D.J (eds). (1995) The Oxford History of the Prison. Oxford University Press. 4. Porter, R. (2002) Madness: A Brief History. Oxford University Press. 2 Ruggles-Brise quoted in Garland 1985. 3 Prison Rule 6 in 1949 but Prison Rule 1 since 1964. 4 such as Borstal where principles of rehabilitation were initiated. 5 â€Å"the prison was decentred, shifted from its position as the central and predominant sanction to become one institution among many in an extended grid of penal sanctions. Of course it continued to be of major importance, but it was now deployed in a different manner, for a narrower section of the criminal population and often as a back up sanction for other institutions, rather than a place of first resort†. Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain. (2017, Nov 17).

Joint Commission on Health Care Organizations Policy Research Paper

Joint Commission on Health Care Organizations Policy - Research Paper Example The analysis of the policy of TJC in accreditation of healthcare organizations shows its strengths and weaknesses, enabling analysts to make informed recommendation of the way to improve it. TJC has the responsibility of ensuring that all the organizations that offer healthcare services improve their services to increase the satisfaction in the patients who receive care from them. This commission has implemented the policy to enhance the healthcare to all people in that it sets regulations that health care organizations have to follow so that they can be licensed to operate within the country. The goal of TJC is to establish safer healthcare systems for all patients in the United States of America (US), and therefore to ensure that all who seek care get quality services. TJC aims at eliminating any form of poor services that may result from poor conditions of health facilities, lack of qualified caregivers and other issues that can the healthcare standard. TJC also aims to ensure tha t patients all over US can receive similar services irrespective of the caregiver or hospital they seek healthcare services across the country. These goals of the TJC are aimed at ensuring equality of healthcare service delivery to all patients and that the services are offered in a safe environment that will enhance the recovery of the people who seek care instead of causing deterioration of their condition, an attribute associated with substandard healthcare delivery (The Joint Commission, 2007). Apart from the basic healthcare services, TJC also offers services such as consultancy, accreditation, publication and education programs that are aimed at increasing the quality of patient care. TJC assist health organizations, health ministries and other stakeholders in health sector to evaluate, improve and implement the patients’ care and increase their chances of safety so that they can recover from their conditions. Through the activities of TJC, the healthcare organizations that offer care demonstrate their value for quality of services in their situations. The success of TJC is assessed through the performance of the healthcare organizations that comply with the policy that determine the way they offer the services they ought to give to all the patients (The Joint Commission, 2010). Explanation of the process of accreditation of health organizations by TJC TJC has implemented a plan, which is used to assess the delivery of services of different healthcare organizations in the world. This assessment is done through a randomized survey of the healthcare organization after a particular length of time to ensure that they are complying with the requirement of the policy. The survey on adherence to stipulated guidelines is carried out after every three years for healthcare organizations, and after two years in laboratories that offer healthcare services to the people in the society. Through these surveys, organizations assessed are analyzed according to the ir different sections of operations to ascertain whether they meet the set standards. Organizations that TJC targets to carry surveys on are not usually notified of the date

The Caroline Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Caroline Doctrine - Essay Example As a result, they believed the conduct of the British force had been, under the circumstances, justifiable by the Law of Nations1. Harrison administration was of the opinion that while the Constitution of the United States created very clear fields of jurisdiction, Federal Government was the one concerned with foreign relations and as a result it was to intervene with the State of New York and obtain the release of a foreign national. NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE POLICY "What an immense mass of evil must have result from allowing men to anticipate what might happen" Leo Tolstoy. Hans Blix, Chair of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, stated that it would be a violation of international law to take military action against Iran in response to its pending nuclear weapons program because such action would fail to comply with the international law doctrine of self-defense against imminent attack2. However, if so, the international community should revisit this doctrine in the context of nuclear counter-proliferation to ensure that there is a legal and practical doctrine of international self-defense. This has influenced the Americans allot when Caroline doctrine was cited with approval by Iraq. Therefore, the Caroline doctrine was to be modified for purposes of counter-proliferation3. The practical inability to sufficiently eliminate a nuclear threat once a nuclear weapons program by an aggressor state has been fully developed. For instance, taking the actual words used in the NSS itself, various commentators describe the situation as preemptive self-defense or rather Bush doctrine. However, others think that the NSS can be interpreted as promoting the doctrine of preventive self-defense which a number of present writers are in agreement with. present writers hold a belief that the term anticipatory self-defense is well documented and

Plagiarism disscussion 1 wk 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagiarism disscussion 1 wk 4 - Assignment Example Having been expelled from the school on the basis of plagiarism may darken the individual’s academic and professional career thereafter. Students dropped out of school for such reasons find it hard to get admission in reputable universities or get recommendation letters from their former teachers. Personal consequences of plagiarism include compromised ability to think creatively, and poor academic writing skills. Unless an individual learns how to avoid plagiarism, his/her writing lacks the standard that is appreciated among the academicians and professionals. The most fundamental way of avoiding plagiarism is thoroughly reading and comprehending the guidelines given by the American Psychological Association (APA). In addition to that, one should practice writing following those guidelines. The more the practice, the better the chances of zero plagiarism. Some writers think that if they write an excerpt by themselves without actually plagiarizing, they can use it multiple times anywhere because it is their property. This is termed as ‘self-plagiarism’ (iThenticate, 2011). A writer may reproduce his/her own writing in the future but not without citing the previous source that he/she had written in the

The Transportation Security Administration Essay

The Transportation Security Administration - Essay Example The TSA is also charged with the responsibility of inspecting rail cars, looking for bombs at checkpoints in and around the country's airports, and patrolling subways (Transport Security Administration, 2008). To better understand the TSA, it is crucial that we look at its mission and core values, and how they have been achieved. As already mentioned, the TSA is mandated to protect the transportation systems of the country in a way that would ensure free movement of people and trade. Its vision, though not yet attained, is to persistently guide the standards for distinction in transportation security through its processes, technology, and people (Transport Security Administration, 2008). To achieve its shared goals and enhance its mission performance, the TSA has set aside some core values. Let me present them in a summary form for they will be instrumental in gauging the situation at TSA and how improvements need to be carried out. Though its mission, vision, and core values may reflect a picture of a very efficient and effective agency, TSA has been faced by numerous scandals and criticisms since its inception in 2001. Judging by the magnitude of some of the high-profile scandals, the situation at TSA can be said to be pretty bad. ... Team spirit TSA is made up of respectful, open, and dedicated people in the business of improving the lives of others. TSA takes pride in challenges, success, and aims at winning in all its endeavors. TSA takes pride in building teams around its core strengths. Evaluating the situation at TSA Though its mission, vision, and core values may reflect a picture of a very efficient and effective agency, TSA has been faced by numerous scandals and criticisms since its inception in 2001. Judging by the magnitude of some of the high-profile scandals, the situation at TSA can be said to be pretty bad. Let me analyze the scandals and criticisms one at a time so that the real picture of TSA inefficiencies and how it can improve can be drawn out. TSA Scanners and screeners Judging by what happened on September 11 2001 in the United States after the terrorists strike, TSA should be in the forefront to ensure that such an occurrence do not happen again. Many innocent people lost their lives in that fateful day when terrorists hijacked some planes only to ram them against the World Trade centre. Against this backdrop, TSA was established and given the mandate of checking for bombs and other dangerous weapons from passengers, especially those boarding aero planes, and those on transit (Boyd, 2005). But the TSA scanners and screeners are not up to this task. In recent tests conducted to ascertain whether their scanners could detect bombs, 75 percent of fake bombs could not be identified by their security screeners at LAX. 60 percent of fake bomb components could not be smoked out in Chicago O'Hare by TSA security scanners. Detection levels by private security firms were much higher, with only 20

Business information system Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business information system - Case Study Example This led to the system having success such as technical failures and network failures. It being a cloud-sourced system, network failure rendered the system useful. Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd is an Indian drug distributor. It distributes drugs from manufacturers by selling to retailers. In the first decade of the 21st century, the firm experienced increased growth over time and it was growing at a rate of 30% annually. However, this bust of growth was not to last forever because the growth, presented by a number of challenges, ended up declining. Not only did the growth decide eventually, but it also brought up issues for Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd because it now had to deal with a larger customer base. The need for use f IT became imminent and the managers had to consider procuring an ERP in order to help in serving the customers better. Some of the problems that led to Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd requiring them to acquire a system were as follows; The market in India was starting to gain a new structure and this increased completion for Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd (NDPL). As identified in the case study for Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd, the Indian drug market was very structured and regulated by the government as compared to the western drug markets. As a result Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd had to respond to this new challenge in the market. Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd (NDPL) had to know how to use this new strategy. Apart from having to make the decision to use technology to deal with its strategic issues, the mangers at Neelkanth Drugs Pvt. Ltd (NDPL) had to also make the critical decision as to what approach to use. The possibilities were many and varied and deciding what is the best way to deal with the issue was not an easy decision for ht managers. They had to decide to use a cloud according approach to the technology or they could use the licensed software to

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example The price-based strategy is further divided into two strategies, one is the no frill strategy and the next is low price strategy. The ‘no frill’ strategy is a combination of low price, a low perceived product and also services and focus on the price sensitive segment. In the case of low price strategy, it seeks to achieve lower price as compared to its competitors and at the same time try to maintain a similar product to those of that of its competitors. If a business unit decides to achieve a competitive advantage through a low price strategy, it gets an option of two choices, firstly to identify and focus on a segment which is unattractive in the eyes of the competitors and in a way avoid the competition and secondly competition based on pricing. The next strategic choice is the differentiation strategy which aims to provide products the offers which tends to benefits differently from that of its competitors and which is valued by its customers. The main aim is to achieve a competitive advantage by adopting the differentiation approach. Differentiation approach can be attained either through hybrid strategy or focus strategy. In hybrid strategy, the firm simultaneously seeks to achieve differentiation and also a price lower than its competitors. In focus strategy, it tends to provide a high perceived product which benefits a premium price for a niche market segment (Johnson 2008, p. 245-251). Toyota the largest manufacturing company in the world has adopted the hybrid strategy.

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Example for Free

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Emotion plays a big role in gaining knowledge even though when we do not realize it. Therefore, I agree with the quote, There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. by Arnold Bennett, an English novelist. First of all, with the part, There can be no knowledge without emotion1, it can be proved by our experience. For example, we know about plate tectonics but until you feel it, you cant have knowledge. Earthquakes prove that the plate tectonics are moving towards each other, away from each other or slide past each other. Since I live in Japan, earthquakes can be felt often and I have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area with lots of earthquakes. Also, for example, we can prove that we have knowledge from genes. Sometimes, I feel that I have the same characteristic as my mother when I am talking to my pets. I talk with them in a softer voice than when we talk to other people. Also, my mothers family loves animals and I was also brought up with an animal always beside me. Finally I can also see evidence from learning physics. I learned that the energy is transferred into other energies. Before, I wondered why bouncy balls bounced lower each time. When I learned about the energies, I gained the knowledge that the potential energy was transferred into heat, sound and other energies. From gaining these truths and experiencing it, it gives us knowledge of what it is like. By experiencing these things, it influences our emotion and gives us the knowledge. Though some people disagree that knowledge can be gained without emotion, I argue that the statement is not true. Though when you learn something, until you have realized what it is and accepted the information, then it is not knowledge. We have to know the information to gain the knowledge so to gain the knowledge we have to experience it. For example, I know the truth that floods occur and the consequences as well as the effects of it but since I have not experienced it before, I do not have the knowledge of what it is like to be in an area, which flooded. Furthermore, by learning biology, I know that there are diseases such as thrombosis, a blood clotting disease but since I have not experienced it I do not what it feels like to have thrombosis. As a result, I do not yet have the knowledge. Knowledge can be gained by other ways of knowing such as reason, sense perception and language. Though I agree with this, I think these all involve the ways of knowing of emotion. When we have a reason to gain knowledge, we gain the knowledge by realizing it and experiencing it. When we gain knowledge by sense perception it is done by experiencing something and realizing what is going on in our surroundings. Finally for language, we are experiencing it since we are talking or listening to the language. Since all these involve the action of experiencing, it all involves emotion. If someone did things unconsciously, I wonder if they can get knowledge. People who sleepwalk have been seen eating, dressing, driving cars, and many other things. Their brain is not fully shut down. Sleepwalking occurs before they are in the state of rapid eye movement, or the moment they are dreaming.2 They have their eyes open to recognize their surroundings. Therefore, I think they are using their sense perception when they are sleepwalking. Though they may not remember it when they wake up and get confused but I think their brain remembers it since the brain is not fully shut when people sleepwalk. Therefore knowledge is gained from experiencing things even if they are sleepwalking which is done unconsciously. Reflexes are also done unconsciously. They are done because we have the knowledge of what to do best to have the least damage to ourselves. That is why we pull our hands back when we touch something hot to reduce the possibility of burning our hand. We try to reduce it because we have the knowledge of what is going to happen if we do not. If we do not take our hand back, we know we are going to burn our hand and feel the pain. When I wake up, I have the reflex of stopping the alarm clock because I have the knowledge that I have to wake up to go to school. This reflex was done because I had the emotion that I did not want to go to school since I had to wake up at six oclock in the morning. Therefore as a conclusion, I agree to an extent with the quote by an English novelist, Arnold Bennett of There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. Emotion is connected to the other ways of knowing and everything we do in our lives. Experiencing things give knowledge to us which gives us emotion whether we do things consciously or unconsciously.

Independent Electoral Commission in South Africa

Independent Electoral Commission in South Africa Introduction The Independent Electoral Commission is a permanent body established by the country’s constitution to promote and organize a well democracy election in a Country. This particular essay will be based on South Africa Independent Electoral Commission and how the management of the organization will perform, Will focus on the challenges that the management of Independent Electoral commission might come across to manage during this forthcoming election. The Independent Electoral Commission was temporary established in 1993 and has five administrators appointed by the president. The president is brief to deliver a free and fair election at all the spheres of government both provincial and local. In 17 of October 1996 the permanent Electoral Commission was established with objectives to maintain and compile the voters’ roll. The Independent Electoral Commission is responsible for counting the vote, verifying, and declaring the results of an election. Functions of the Independent Electoral Commission: Maintaining and compiling a register of parties Promote conditions for free and fair elections. undertaking and promoting research into electoral matters The Independent Electoral Commission ensure that elections run smoothly To manage elections at all spheres of government The Independent Electoral Commission ensure elections are free and fair To promote voter education To maintain quality database of the electorate To be a reputable effective organization Now let take a look at some values that Independent Electoral Commission has. Some VALUES that the IEC possess: Accountability: The Independent Electoral Commission is responsible for the efficient use of resources, production of true election related documents like voter’s rolls and reports. Publish accurate election results. Now in terms of productivity, The Independent Electoral Commission must all provide quality services Productivity: Timeously Satisfactorily Cost effectively Independence: The Independent Electoral Commission takes decisions without fear and liking of a particular party. Impartiality: The Independent Electoral Commission must always be neutral when serving the country during election. Professionalism: The Independent Electoral Commission organizes its business within the confines of the legal. Commitment: The Independent Electoral Commission is committed to fulfill the needs of the election to the best of its abilities. Transparency: The Independent Electoral Commission believes that the must be a free and fair competition between political parties and transparent electoral processes. The Independent Electoral Commission only gets active after every 5 years of the election cycle whereby the have to start organizing and prepare for another election year. The forthcoming election will be held in 7 of May 2014 and the question to ask will be if the Independent Electoral Commission management is ready to run the election smoothly and ready to face all the challenges that come along. All organizations need time to plan and manage the event and the election is one of the biggest events and it draws the attention of many. Management will face many challenges that the organization will come across, therefore the Independent Electoral Commission must be ready beforehand. The following are some of the management sectors of the Independent Electoral Commission and some challenges this sectors might come across to during election period. The financial function The Human Resource function The Information Technology function Financial Function The Independent Electoral Commission receives financial support from parliamentary appropriations according to the Electoral Act 51. The Independent Electoral Commission Chief is the accounting officer and is responsible for keeping all the accounting and financial record. The Independent Electoral Commission Chief makes sure that both accounting and financial records are audited by the Auditor General. The Independent Electoral Commission finance department is one of the biggest, but one of most challenging departments to manage during this period and with the country being financially challenged this makes it even more daunting task. With Independent Electoral Commission only getting active during election time, that might affect the finance department not being more prepared due to lack of well preparation time, not everything will run smoothly financially but with good planning the Independent Electoral Commission can face these issues. Let have look on some financial points: Financial Planning The Independent Electoral Commission management needs to ensure that enough funding is available at the right time to meet the entire requirement needed during the election time. The funding may be needed to invest in equipment that will be needed during election, pay employees, but with the Independent Electoral Commission being significantly active only during the election time this will lead to some issues on how to plan financially without considering how much will be needed to spend on all the assets. On the financial planning side the Independent Electoral Commission will face some issues like on registration of new voters which cannot be planned by focusing on the previous election. New voters have to get registered so that the Independent Electoral Commission can financially plan well in advance about the number of voting stations and where they should be situated. Financial Control The Financial Control for the Independent Electoral Commission as an organization is very important to help the organization to ensure that the Election preparation meet its objectives. Financial Decision-making The Independent Electoral Commission can plan to a certain extent on how much funds the organization would need for the forthcoming election, the amount of fund needed cannot be well decided as there are always financing alternatives that can be consider as we approach the election day. Human Resource functions The Human resource management in the Independent Electoral Commission organization is primarily concerned with the way people are managed within the organization policies system. The Human resources are responsible for some activities in the organization, activities such as recruitment, training and development etc†¦ The functions that Independent Electoral Commission human resources carries: Manpower Planning This particular point include the future planning and finding out the numbers of employees will be needed during the Election Day and what types of skills should the employee have. The Independent Electoral Commission Human resources management having to start getting active only during the election period this will have some challenges by recruiting the correct staff prior to the Election Day. Recruitment The Independent Electoral Commission Human resources must make sure to recruit the best people for the organization during the election. This will be of great significance as the success of the organization will be based on the quality of employees recruited. The Independent Electoral Commission human resources still busy recruiting employee two weeks before the Election Day. This will prove how the recruitment and selection in this department, they will definitely face some few challenges to manage the employees and to do a well prepared selection of candidates needed to assist the voters on the election day. Training The Independent Electoral Commission Human resource department must provide the required training to the employees of the organization, in order to improve on the materials being used during the election days and to be well prepared to assist voters regards to any queries that comes along on the day. The Independent Electoral Commission Human resource has less time to recruit the well skilled employees. This will have influences on the Election Day when it comes to assisting the voters with any queries. Employees that are being placed two days or a week before the election without being well trained, this can cause some problems on that day of the election. Implementing policies in The Organization The Independent Electoral Commission Human resource department must make sure that the organization policies are being implemented in a good manner. The Independent Electoral Commission having to recruit some of the employees at the latest stage of the Election period, and these employees will have some difficulties on how to implement the organizations policies and some of the rules that’s needed during the election. The Information Technology function The IEC Information technology department has the responsibility of dealing with all the issues regarding the technological side during the election. The objective of Information Technology department in the Independent Electoral Commission is to provide all the technical support to the whole organization. The department is responsible for all the materials running on the election that includes the setting up of voting stations in all the areas needed, installing telecommunication facilities and setting up all the hardware needed to link each and every voting station. The Independent Electoral Commission however will face some issues during the Election Day due to lack of preparation on the Information Technology department, having to install and do all the setup needed on that day. Some function of the Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management during the election and some issue that the organization might face due to lack of time. Helpdesk The helpdesk side of the organization will be responsible to respond to request for technical assistance in person, and via the phone or remotely. Employees have to be computer literate with the devices they are going to use, but with the recruitment still in progress few days before election, employees might struggle with some programs that Independent Electoral Commission uses because of lack of well training time on the materials. Desktop and LAN To perform analysis, diagnosis, and resolution of desktop and LAN problems for end users. The Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management will collaborate with network and systems administrator to ensure efficient operation of desktop computing environment during the election. The Independent Electoral Commission only getting active during the election, the organization will face some issues on how the department will install, configure, test, maintain, and monitor workstations, LAN assets, related hardware and software in order to deliver required services on the Election Day. Information Technology Site Management The Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management is responsible for providing support to ensure that voters are all satisfy on the Election Day. The department is also responsible for all desktop support and maintenance related to local area hardware and LAN software. Within fewer weeks to go to the Election Day, the Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management will have to work under pressure to make sure that all the materials run and work smoothly. The Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management will face some challenges on how to handle more than 100 voting station plus the employee that will need some training on the materials being used so that everything can run smoothly regards to the Technical materials, hardware and software side that’s needed before the election day. Systems Security Administration The Independent Electoral Commission Information Technology management are responsible for the processes during election by providing appropriate access to and ensuring the availability, confidentiality and integrity of the organization. The Information Technology management is responsible for managing and supervising the execution and use of security measures to protect the Information Technology resources and data during the Election Day. The Independent Electoral Commission recruitment for employees still on the process within few weeks to go to the Election Day and this can have some issues on the security side of the organization. Employing staff two days or week before the Election Day without being well trained on how to respect the integrity of the organization as well as the election itself. Conclusion Over the past 20 years the Independent Electoral Commission has had various challenges to deal with from taking South Africa into a democracy and now in to its bright future. In the past the Independent Electoral Commission dealt with many violent incidences during election times, now we are moving towards out 5th Election and judging from the past it seems like South African citizen’s or voters are not fighting but rather working at making South Africa a better place. Many people are becoming more and more proactive at their in respective political parties. The Independent Electoral Commission can be thanked for this, as it is today there are so many political parties running in the election. This is very interesting to see how the country develops and how the Independent Electoral Commission deals with a new kind of challenge by dealing with all the new parties and the more people interested in voting. In conclusion, to produce a successful Election it demand more preparation based on the various department in the Independent Electoral Commission organization. The Independent Electoral Commission in order to produce a well organize Election, they will need to be more prepare in all departments in advanced, so that they can face less issues as we closer to the Election Day, on the Election Day and during the counting of the votes.

Hawks Essay -- essays research papers

Major Groups of the Animal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major group that hawks belong to is the bird group. Hawks have wings and feathers to fly. Which all are characteristics of birds. The hawk has eyes on the sides of its head so it can see all around, similar to a normal bird. The differences between the hawk and other birds is that the hawk is a bird of prey. “Birds of prey'; or raptors make their living by hunting, killing, and consuming live animals. They are at the top of the ecological food chain which makes the hawk a top consumer. Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hawk is closely related to all birds of prey. Any bird that makes its living by hunting, killing, and consuming live animals has a characteristic similar to the hawk. Even though owls are not related to eagles, falcons, and vultures they have similar hunting habits and similar equipment for catching and killing - sharp, hooked beaks, and strong, sharp, curved toenails or talons. Owls are nocturnal for the most part and the others hunt during the day. Hawks evolved from raptors which also were birds of prey. Hawks evolved with eagles and falcons mainly but also with some other birds as well. Habitat and Biome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks live in all different habitats. Some in the foothills of the mountains while others live in the brushy open country and badlands of Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and South-central California. Also in North and Central America for a more wide variety of hawks. Its biome would be in the Deciduous area as well as the Grassland and parts of the desert. Tropic Level/Niche   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hawk is at the top of the ecological food chain. It is the top consumer of the food chain. Nothing eats it because it is at the highest level. The hawk eats almost everything and anything that is living. From starlings and sparrows and pigeons and quail to reptiles and amphibians. Even ground squirrels and field mice. Almost all rodents along with fish which are eaten by certain kinds of hawks. The hawk lives amongst the tallest trees in the woods. They plant their nest very high up so they can keep a close lookout on everything that is going on. It also helps to have the nest high to keep predators away from the hawks young. Feeding and Defense Adaptations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks are not nocturnal, li... ...ks will chase down birds such as pigeons or sparrows. With the hawks great maneuvering skills, it can chase its prey through trees and bushes. The hawk uses its talons to protect itself and its young. Humans are the predators which rarely effect the hawk and its life. We usually kill it by destroying the hawks habitat indirectly. Its young may be in the tree that we cut down, therefore lowering the number of hawks. Not very drastically though. Hawks only predators are coyotes and other such animals that can attack their young if it is out of the nest. The hawks will defend their young at all costs. Reproduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks reproduce once a year. They have one mate for their whole life. Unless, of course if one dies then the other hawk will find a new mate. It usually lays 3-5 blotched or spotted eggs a year, depending on food supply. Hawks reproduction has many factors that determine weather or not the bird will reproduce. If the food isn’t abundant then the hawks may not reproduce as many eggs, if any. If the mate dies or finds a new mate then the other hawk may not reproduce for that year. Hawks will leave their mate, under certain conditions. Hawks Essay -- essays research papers Major Groups of the Animal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major group that hawks belong to is the bird group. Hawks have wings and feathers to fly. Which all are characteristics of birds. The hawk has eyes on the sides of its head so it can see all around, similar to a normal bird. The differences between the hawk and other birds is that the hawk is a bird of prey. “Birds of prey'; or raptors make their living by hunting, killing, and consuming live animals. They are at the top of the ecological food chain which makes the hawk a top consumer. Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hawk is closely related to all birds of prey. Any bird that makes its living by hunting, killing, and consuming live animals has a characteristic similar to the hawk. Even though owls are not related to eagles, falcons, and vultures they have similar hunting habits and similar equipment for catching and killing - sharp, hooked beaks, and strong, sharp, curved toenails or talons. Owls are nocturnal for the most part and the others hunt during the day. Hawks evolved from raptors which also were birds of prey. Hawks evolved with eagles and falcons mainly but also with some other birds as well. Habitat and Biome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks live in all different habitats. Some in the foothills of the mountains while others live in the brushy open country and badlands of Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and South-central California. Also in North and Central America for a more wide variety of hawks. Its biome would be in the Deciduous area as well as the Grassland and parts of the desert. Tropic Level/Niche   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hawk is at the top of the ecological food chain. It is the top consumer of the food chain. Nothing eats it because it is at the highest level. The hawk eats almost everything and anything that is living. From starlings and sparrows and pigeons and quail to reptiles and amphibians. Even ground squirrels and field mice. Almost all rodents along with fish which are eaten by certain kinds of hawks. The hawk lives amongst the tallest trees in the woods. They plant their nest very high up so they can keep a close lookout on everything that is going on. It also helps to have the nest high to keep predators away from the hawks young. Feeding and Defense Adaptations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks are not nocturnal, li... ...ks will chase down birds such as pigeons or sparrows. With the hawks great maneuvering skills, it can chase its prey through trees and bushes. The hawk uses its talons to protect itself and its young. Humans are the predators which rarely effect the hawk and its life. We usually kill it by destroying the hawks habitat indirectly. Its young may be in the tree that we cut down, therefore lowering the number of hawks. Not very drastically though. Hawks only predators are coyotes and other such animals that can attack their young if it is out of the nest. The hawks will defend their young at all costs. Reproduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawks reproduce once a year. They have one mate for their whole life. Unless, of course if one dies then the other hawk will find a new mate. It usually lays 3-5 blotched or spotted eggs a year, depending on food supply. Hawks reproduction has many factors that determine weather or not the bird will reproduce. If the food isn’t abundant then the hawks may not reproduce as many eggs, if any. If the mate dies or finds a new mate then the other hawk may not reproduce for that year. Hawks will leave their mate, under certain conditions.

The Real Deal Out In The Field :: essays research papers

The Real Deal Out in the Field   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being that this will be a very opinionated paper I concluded that I should begin this piece with an opinion. According to myself, there is no such thing as a just war. War is war no matter how much you try to justify it. You can’t escape the fact that with war comes loss of life. This brings up the idea of â€Å"who are we to eliminate someone’s life.† No man should have such responsibility. Naturally those that cause war or instigate war are those that will not be fighting in the trenches. To say that George W. Bush has total and complete passion for every man fighting this â€Å"new type of war† is nothing but ignorance at its finest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A day after the horrible attacks on the World Trade Center the pope released a statement to the press. In this statement he said, â€Å"Let us beg the lord that the spiral of hatred and violence will not prevail (sept. 12)† then later on the catholic church serves and ordinance allowing the use of a â€Å"just war†. How could it be that after the popes praises for peace the same church virtual gives its ok for a war. This is extremely contradiciary. The only conclusion one can derive from such an act is that the pope used his speech as a political ploy to downsize the visual size of involvement that the church has in all of this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With this said we now look at our own government for which I have nothing but disgust. If you were to watch a baseball game, they now make it mandatory (not written in stone but very highly ‘pushed’) that during the seventh inning stretch a guest will appear and sing God Bless America. To me this is a cheap ploy at instigating patriotism and forcing it upon the American people that what we are doing is right and if you don’t agree with out actions then you’re not a true American. What kind of a â€Å"kind and caring† government is this? I am a true American. I also recognize BS when I see it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you have been alive for the past 2-3 weeks you will realize you are hearing a lot about an anthrax scare. This again is governmental tactics. I choose to use the phrase â€Å"silent weapons for quiet wars† to better describe this abuse of power by our almighty government.

Free College Admissions Essays: I Screwed Up! :: College Admissions Essays

I Screwed Up! Â   High school is a strange time. After three years of trying to develop identity and friends in middle school, students are expected to mature immediately on the first day of ninth grade, but I never did this. I never fully realized in the earlier grades how important high school success, as measured by GPA, would be to my future life, and as a result I am applying to college with seemingly contradictory measures of my ability to perform college-level work. If I had worked and studied hard rather than hanging out with friends and viewing high school as an opportunity to socialize, I would not have to apply to school with a 1300 SAT and a 2.7 GPA. Had I taken my grades in my earlier years seriously, I could have been a college's dream candidate. Â   This year I have made an earnest effort to improve my work ethic. My grade point average is rising and my study habits are improving. However, after performing poorly for three years, my GPA cannot reflect the transformation I underwent at the start of this year. Dedicated to making something of myself, I finally matured and am now trying to lessen the consequences of my past actions. Armed with my new attitude and my understanding of the extreme importance of earning good grades to signal my capacity to work responsibly, I assure you that I will never revert to the student I once was. Â   In retrospect, I believe that it was my inability to choose my classes that resulted in my lack of enthusiasm on the ride to school each morning. I enjoy the freedom to pursue my own interests and anxiously anticipate the ability to choose my own class schedule in college. While I understand that college will be significantly more challenging than high school, I have always found it easier to study for a class that interests me. I am also willing to accept the fact that as long as I am in school, I will be forced to take required courses that I might be less than enthusiastic about. However, with my new goal-oriented nature, I realize that I am working towards my college degree and my future success, and I have regained the drive to excel. Moreover, I now realize the emptiness in the lives of people who can only do one thing well.

The Audacity of Hope Intro

President Obama once said, â€Å"We are one people† in his speech The Audacity of Hope. Our nation show so much hate and anger but never take the blame. Everyone blames god, but if we are all gods people why do we point the finger at him? Obama’s syntax, diction, and details show that it is time for us to stop the madness and hatred that we have for one another and stand up for each other because we are a family. Obama’s syntax is significant because it get his message across clearly and effectively. For instance, Obama states that â€Å"The true genius of America-a faith in simple dream, [is] an instance on small miracles†.By separating his thoughts he emphasizes to the public by giving his own commentary on the true genius of America. The true genius of America is knowing that the smallest things in life do matter. Obama also said â€Å"Out of many, one. † With this fragment Obama shows that we are in depth. And we are all people although there ar e many different kinds and colors. America’s people are like many flowers in a garden, together we are a masterpiece. He uses simple words to describe his feelings about America.Obama backs up this notion by saying â€Å"We worship an awesome God in the blue states, and we don't like federal agents poking around our libraries in the red states. We coach Little League in the blue states, and yes, we've got some gay friends in the red states. There are patriots who opposed the war, and patriots who supported it. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the Stars and Stripes, all of us defending the United States of America†. He effectively uses the â€Å"Stars and Stripes† as a metaphor for our American flag. In this case red states stand for Republicans and blue states for Democrats.

How nature of crime presented by the media Essay

_INTRODUCTION_ A considerable amount of literature consistently argues that the way crime is portrayed in the media significantly differs from what official records and research tell us, that is to say, that the media is said to misrepresent the crime problem. Five main arguments are presented demonstrating that the media distorts the crime problem. First, the media tend to report on crimes that are considered `newsworthy.’ Second, it is argued that the media’s role is that of an agenda-setter. Third, media reporting on crime is supportive of law enforcement agencies but is negative towards courts. Fourth, the media reports on crime that escalates public anxiety to such an extent that it can lead to moral panic about particular crimes. Fifth, stereotypes of both victims and offenders dominate media representations of crime. It is believed that the media is the public’s primary source of knowledge about crime and it has exploited this by inaccurately presenting the nature of cri me to our society. _DISCUSSION_ The first argument supporting that the media distorts the crime problem is that the reporting of crime is selective and the types of crimes reported in the media are those deemed `newsworthy.’ Media compete in a marketplace to attract as large an audience as possible as they are profit orientated organisations. Consequently, crimes are selectively reported and are generally reported in ways that conform to news values of the immediate, the novel, the dramatic, and so on, which reinforce already established images of threat from crime. The assumption that the volume of crime is high and rising is one of the main arguments advanced by society. In Australia, studies have shown that a substantial proportion of the population incorrectly believe that crime rates are increasing when, in fact, they are  stable or declining (Indermaur D & Roberts L, 2005). The discrepancy between the crime rate and the public’s perceived crime rate has been commonly attributed to the expansive media coverage of crime, especially violent and more sensationalised crime (Duffy B, 2008). The media is the primary source of indirect knowledge of the crime problem and by selectively presenting crime to society in a dramatised and sensationalized manner; it has lead to the myth that the volume of crime is high and rising. The second line of reasoning is that some contend that the media’s construction of crime is more than just selective, it is that of an agenda-setter (Surette R, 1996). As an agenda-setter, the media defines the problem of crime in a way that sets parameters of discussion and debate. The impact of agenda-setting is that only some types of crime are brought to the public’s attention and in the same way, only some kinds of criminal justice responses are presented as solutions to control crime. Research has found that the media reports the nature of crime in a way that brings crime and its control to the foremost issue of policy-makers’ assessing imperative social problems (Teece M & Makkai T, 2000). The assumption that sentences are too lenient is one of the main arguments advanced by society and a perfect example of the media pushing its own agenda. The public depend on the media almost exclusively for their information about sentencing and recent data from the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes show that 70% of respondents agreed that `people who break the law should be given stiffer sentences’ (Indermaur & Roberts, 2005). However, most criminal matters proceeding to court are finalised at the Magistrates Court, i.e. without a jury. With this in mind, it shows that the media have a great impact on setting the public agenda and initiating discussion and debate by inaccurately presenting the crime problem. The third argument correspondingly elucidates that the media’s reporting on crime is often deceptively supportive of police or law enforcement agencies but is negative towards courts. This is due to the media depending largely on limited, easily accessible sources – often authorities such as police, and therefore presents a one-sided picture (Teece M & Makkai T, 2000). Police are privileged sources to the media and therefore the police-media  relationship is mutually rewarding as it generates an effective and successful image for the police, as well as providing information to the media about crime. This substantiates the grounds of the support devoted to law enforcement agencies by the media. Furthermore, as previously verified, the fact that the media pushes its own agenda and as a result the public view in regard to sentencing is that sentencing is too lenient evidences the fact that the media discourage the courts. In this way, the media distorts the nature of cri me presented to our society and leads society to obtain high confidence in services provided by police and minimal support towards courts. The fourth argument is that violent crimes that induce feelings of anger and panic in the public are generally the only types of crime that the media present to us and are reported in such a way that they seem the most common types of crime committed in society. Public anxiety about crime can be escalated to such an extent that it can lead to a moral panic about a particular crime, specifically violent crime. The assumption that a large proportion of crimes involve violence is one of the main arguments advanced by society. However, research consistently finds that in western countries the media over-reports violent crimes, especially murder, sexual-assault and assault (Hayes H & Prenzler T, 2009). A study of public perceptions in Australia by Indermaur (2005) found that three in four people overestimated by a large margin the proportion of crimes involving violence. In fact, violent crime statewide declined 6 per cent in 2004 to continue a downward trend that began in the early 1990’s (Bavis B & Dossetor L, 2010). The media has presented the nature of crime in our society exceedingly inaccurately to the point that it has led our society to deem that most crimes involve violence. The fifth line of reasoning is that the media’s representation of crime, predominantly violent and sexual offences, is _stranger danger._ This depicts that victims are selected at random by offenders they do not know. The media constructs images of risk and these images lie in line with conceptions of _stranger danger_ rather than _fear of the near_. The assumption that offenders do not know their victims is one of the main  arguments advanced by society. Contrary to popularised media reporting, research evidence shows that most victims are not victimised by strangers (Tiby E, 2009). In fact, females are more likely to become the victims of violence from someone they know, e.g. a partner or family member (Hayes H & Prenzler T, 2009). Accordingly, the media’s inaccurate representation of _stranger danger_ has distorted the nature of crime presented to our society, leading to the myth that offenders usually do not know their victims. _CONCLUSION_ The nature of crime in our society is not accurately presented by the media. The evidence is clear that the media is society’s primary source of knowledge about crime and has outlined some key elements about the influence of media reporting that shapes how society accept, relate and react to the nature of crime. Most media are businesses operating for profit and therefore they compete in a marketplace to attract as large an audience as possible, therefore the media report on crimes that are deemed `newsworthy,’ conforming to news values. Its role is that of an agenda-setter and in this way deceivingly supports law enforcement agencies and criticises courts. Media has the capacity to escalate public fear of crime by selectively focusing on a particular crime as more prevalent and stereotyping both victims and offenders. For these reasons, it is evident that the nature of crime in our society is not accurately presented by the media as it has lead society to believe vario us myths. _REFERENCES_ Bavis, B & Dossetor, L. (2010). Misperceptions of crime in Australia. _Trend and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice (396)._ Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/fullText;dn=20103330;res=AGISPT Duffy, B. Wake, R. Burrows, T. Bremner, P. (2008). Closing the gaps-crime and public perceptions. _International Review of Law, Computers &_ _Technology Vol._ _22_: 17-44. London: UK. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=19b4d519-d160-4062-a7d9-20ea3ba483ee%40sessionmgr13&vid=6&hid=106 Hayes, H. Prenzler, T. (2009). _Introduction to crime and criminology 2__nd_ _ed._ Australia: Pearson Australia Group. Indermaur, D. & Roberts, L. (2005), `Perception of Crime and Justice,’ in _Australian Social Attitudes,_ UNSW Press, Sydney. Surette, R. (1996). `News from Nowhere, Policy to Follow: Media and the Social Construction of Three Strikes and You’re Out.’ _Three Strikes and_ _You’re Out: Vengeance as Public Policy_, Thousand Oaks. Teece, M. & Makkai, T. (2000). Print Media Reporting on Drugs and Crime, 1995 – 1998. _Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice (158)_. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/fullText;dn=20010687;res=AGISPT Tiby, E. (2009). Stranger-Danger or Fear of the Near? Accounts on Fear of Sexual Abuse. _Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention_. Retrieved from http://pdfserve.informaworld.com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/999873_751313171_917284778.pdf

Public Sector

The country was facing problems like inequalities in income and low levels of employment, regional imbalances in economic development and lack of trained manpower. India at that time was predominantly an agrarian economy with a weak industrial base, low level of savings, inadequate investments and infrastructure facilities. In view of this type of socio-economic set up, our visionary leaders drew up a roadmap for the development of Public Sector as an instrument for self-reliant economic growth.This guiding factor led to the passage of Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 and followed by Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956. The 1948 Resolution envisaged development of core sectors through the public enterprises. Public Sector would correct the regional imbalances and create employment. Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 laid emphasis on the expansion of production, both agricultural and industrial; and in particular on the production of capital equipment and goods satisfying the b asic needs of the people, and of commodities the export of which would increase earnings of foreign exchange. . 1. 3 In early years of independence, capital was scarce and the base of entrepreneurship was also not strong enough.Hence, the 1956 Industrial Policy Resolution gave primacy to the role of the State which was directly responsible for industrial development. Consequently the planning process (5 year Plans) was initiated taking into account the needs of the country. The new strategies for the public sector were later outlined in the policy statements in the years 1973, 1977, 1980 and 1991. The year 1991 can be termed as the watershed year, heralding liberalisation of the Indian economy. 2- 1. 1. 4 The public sector provided the required thrust to the economy and developed and nurtured the human resources, the vital ingredient for success of any enterprise; public or private. 1. 2 GLOBAL TREND industrial revolution in Europe. With the advent of globalization, the public secto r faced new challenges in the developed economies. No longer the public sector had the privilege of operating in a sellers market and had to face competition both from domestic and international competitors.Further, in the second half of the 20th century in the developed economies, the political opinion started swinging towards the views that the intervention as well as investment by Government in commercial activities should be reduced to the extent possible. 1. 2. 1 The Public Sector emerged as the driver of economic growth consequent to the 1. 2. 2 Many eminent economists argued that Government must not venture into those areas, where the private sector could undertake job efficiently.Lot of emphasis was laid on market driven economies, rather than State controlled and administered economies. The collapse of socialist economy of the Soviet block convinced the policy planners, around the world, that role of the State should be that of a facilitator and regulator rather than the pr oducer and manager. It may be worth mentioning that, in various countries, the turn towards liberalism including deregulation and decontrol also led to discontent amongst some sections of population as its benefit did not flow down to the weaker and disadvantaged sections of society. . 2. 3 Today, both Public Sector & Private Sector have become an integral part of the economy. There may not be much difference in working of these sectors in advanced countries, but in developing countries, the performance of Public Sector has considerable scope for improvement. It is also observed that Pay packages are almost similar in both sectors in developed countries, but large differences exist in remuneration in the two sectors in developing countries, like ours. -3- 1.3 Economic Scenario and Role of Public Sector in India – General perspective 1. . 1 Government of India, as part of its national agenda to promote growth, increase in efficiency and international competitiveness, has been continuously framing policies for industrial growth, fiscal, trade and foreign investment to achieve overall socio-economic development of the country. As a result of exceptionally severe balance of payments and fiscal crisis in the year 1991, the government decided to shift to a liberalized economy with greater reliance upon market forces, a larger role for the private sector including foreign direct investment. 1. 3. The Government realized that a strong and growth oriented nation could be built if India grows as part of the world economy and not in isolation. Thus, liberalising and deregulatory steps were initiated from the year 1991 onwards, which aimed at supporting growth and integration with the global economy.Since then, the thrust of New Economic Policy has been on progressive reforms such as reduction in the scope of industrial licensing, reforms in the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, reduction of areas reserved exclusively for public sector, disinve stment of quity of selected public sector enterprises (PSEs), enhancing limits of foreign equity participation in domestic industrial undertakings, liberalization of trade and exchange rate policies, rationalization and reduction of customs and excise duties and personal and corporate income taxes, promoting FDI, investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians), extension of the scope of CENVAT, implementing the VAT regime in States, taking steps to switch over to goods & services tax system w. e. f. 01. 04. 010, e-governance and simplification of various procedures, rules and regulations etc. 1. 3. 3 Since the setting up of World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 1995, as an apex body at the international level, to which India is a signatory, the world trade has definitely grown thereby giving indications that international trade reforms do play an important role in boosting economic development of various countries. 1. 3. 4 Industrial policy has seen a sea change with most Central Government industrial controls being liquidated.The Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) were classified into ‘strategic’ and ‘non-strategic’. Strategic CPSEs were identified in -4- the areas of (a) Arms & Ammunition and the allied items of defence equipments, Defence air-crafts and warships; (b) Atomic Energy (except in the areas related to the operation of nuclear power and applications of radiation and radio-isotopes to agriculture, medicine and non-strategic industries); and (c) Railway transport. All other CPSEs were considered as non-strategic.Further, Industrial licensing by the Central Government has been almost abolished except for a few hazardous and environmentally sensitive industries. 1. 3. 5 The main elements of the present Government policy towards Public Sector enterprises as contained in the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) are reproduced below: i) To devolve full managerial and commercial autonomy to successful, profit making companies operating in a competitive environment ii) Generally , profit-making companies will not be privatized ii) Every effort will be made to modernize and restructure sick public sector companies and revive sick industry iv) Chronically loss making companies will either be sold off, or closed, after all workers have got their legitimate dues and compensationv) Private industry will be inducted to turn-around companies that have potential for revival vi) Privatization revenues will be used for designated social sector schemes vii) Public sector companies and nationalized banks will be encouraged to enter the capital market to raise resources and offer new investment avenues to retail investors. . 3. 6 The Government has made a clear commitment to empowering the CPSEs and their managements. It was recognised that public enterprises could not compete effectively with private entrepreneurs without freedom to function and operate -5- commercially. Thus, the concept of Navratna and Mi ni-Ratna was introduced with greater delegated authority, both financial and managerial. Government has realized that ‘Navratnas’, ‘Mini-ratnas’ and other CPSEs are required to grow and deliver on the promises they have made to their stakeholders.Other reforms have also been announced, such as professionalisation of the Boards of Directors of public sector enterprises and evaluation of performance of CPSEs through Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 1. 4 Performance Status wide range of activities in the manufacturing, engineering, steel, heavy machinery, machine tools, fertilizers, drugs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petro-chemicals, extraction and refining of crude oil and services such as telecommunication, trading, tourism, warehousing, etc. and a range of consultancy services.

African American and Conflicting Perspective Essay

Every individual has a perspective on things in life and their personal idea of the truth. These are universal concepts and are widely seen in ted Hughes poems â€Å"birthday Letters†. Birthday letters is a set of poems, said to have been written by Hughes for six years prior to his death, on his ex wife’s birthday each year this the selection of poems being called birthday letters. The selection on poems surrounds his problematic marital issues between himself and his wife Sylvia Plath. It is also to show the conflicting perspective on their relationship. This is mainly towards the criticism he received all those years after her suicide. He had been blamed for being the catalyst for her suicide/death and so began a collection of poems regarding their relationship but in some way, excusing himself and explaining that she was already on a destructive path. Through two of his poems, Fulbright scholars and the shot, an understanding of the poems have thrown lighten the concepts of conflicting perspectives. Two other complementary texts such as letters from two jima and to kill a mockingbird convey conflicting perspectives however on issues such as racial discrimination and the perspectives of an opposing country that has been marked as enemies. Fulbright scholars are the first poem in the birthday letters collection. Hughes here tries to remember how he met her and first know of her existence. He does this whilst looking at a picture that was taken at university, when he was a naive young man. He ponders about her throughout the poem trying hard to delve into his psyche hopelessly to recollect something about her when they met at a party. This can be noted by the quote â€Å"were you among them? † which refers to the picture of Fulbright scholar. In terms of conflicting perspectives, the e poem can also be seen as a text that he wrote implicating how difficult it is t recall that first meeting, however he begins to explain his perspective of Sylvia Plath. He says â€Å"your exaggerated American grin for the cameras† which referred to her as someone with false appearances. The various techniques Hughes used to convey his ideas were the use of rhetorical questions such as â€Å"were you among them? †, the repetitions of the word maybe and the use of the I persona, and metaphors such as the â€Å"first fresh peach†. Rhetorical questions he used as a means of asking himself how he met her and what she first looked like to him. The metaphor ‘delicious peach† can be said to be another way to say she was the first girl he â€Å"ever tasted†, in terms of the experience of truly liking someone who seemed special to him. Reputation is used throughout the poem of maybe can be analyzed as a way of trying to remember what he saw of her and his knowing of her existence. The ‘I’ persona is an important tool in terms of Hughes alluding to the very personal nature of his reflection. The poem ‘the shot’ is also one from the collection and conveys Plath as someone different to what her fans saw her to be. As he says that she was deceitful in terms of appearance of a good and decent person/poet. In the poem, the shot is a metaphor of Plath being bullet shout out a gun. It can also e sad that Hughes thinks that he was the one shot. Hughes perspective on paths â€Å"destructive path† is one that she has always been on, saying that she was already a bullet long before she has met him. Followers of Plath as a victim view him as a catalyst for her suicide but in the poem he tries to explain that she was already suicidal as she tried to commit suicide when she was younger. The use of word â€Å"daddy† is one of great importance as it refers to her childish attachment to her father. This is also the title of her famous poem daddy. Hughes also explains that from his perspective, that he himself has become the father figure that she had ways been looking for. Overall, the concept of the two poems depict conflicting perspectives through analysis of ted Hughes’ birthday letters. The text letters from Iwo jima is similarly to birthday letters, a conflicting perspective however of the Japanese however of the Japanese soldiers during the American invasion of to two jima in ww2. It depicts their perspective throughout the turbulent time, showing that even were still human beings with the same universal feelings. Clint eastwood directed the film letters from Iwo Jima in 2006, trying to show an American or non Japanese audience their side of the story or their perspective. Here, a conflicting perspective is shown. Throughout the film, eastwood wants us to empathise with the Japanese perspective f the same terror and emotions that the Americans felt at that time too. The main character is a young Japanese soldier called saigo who is little enthused on fighting and going to war. This is all seen through techniques eastwood input such as flashbacks- which were important in the film. The audience is then able to see how the soldiers were like before the war and what it was like for them when they got conscripted. Their reflections are a huge part in their conflicting perspective and also a great important technique is the Japanese language. Eastwood used the language to give a strong sense of ethnicity and strong sense of tradition. To kill a mocking bird written by Harper lee in 1960 conveys the conflicting perspectives of the treatment of African Americans in Alabama. This conflicting perspective is seen through the eyes of a young white girl, rather than n African American person. The text shows her view o the racial discrimination against the Negroes and the treatment, prejudice and violence they receive. The event takes place that’s how a conflicting perspective is the court case scene, where an African American man is accused of raping a young white girl. The perspective here is not only through the girl, Scout Finch, but also her father Atticus finch which is the lawyer defending the accused. However he took on a case he know that with all the racial discrimination and prejudice around, he would inevitable lose. The fact that he took on the case shows a conflicting perspective of a white American man who has no prejudice against African Americans. The daughter scout finch views the situation on a different level as well as she was basically raised by African American woman and didn’t judge her, as many people did in Maycomb County. She begins to see and understand the prejudice and discrimination when the man is accused of rape as the majority people did not like his race at that time. It was seen as stereotypical to blame him for the rape. The conflicting perspective here is that the perspective o a young white American and her family on the treatment the Negroes received. It can be said that harper lee wanted the audience to challenge their beliefs and see events from the perspective of a young child who is horrified by the treatment of the Negroes.

Health and Resources PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health and Resources - PowerPoint Presentation Example This is because of poor eating habit where people eat according to hunger and not diet, and inadequate physical exercise. Inadequate physical exercise enables the body to loose excess energy. This leads to obesity because the body metabolic activities get interfered with. Heart problems are usually associated with eating habits as mentioned earlier. Americans like a lot of meat and wheat products. These form excess fats in the body, which are carried by the transport medium (blood). Upon arriving in the heart, the fats get deposited on the coronary arteries blocking them. The pumping effect of the heart increases to clear the way, damaging the vessels. This causes heart problems like hypertension. Cubing this menace is now a responsibility of everyone in the country. The government has to create and disseminate information through accessible information media that will see citizens through this cruel pandemic. This research paper will explore the details of diabetes, its history, cau se, effects, treatment and control. Diabetes is a disease characterized by excess sugar in the blood, in addition to the in the urine. This is to say that, a diabetic patient has excess sugar in either urine or blood. They exist in two types; type 1 diabetes majorly found in children and type 2 diabetes affects adults. Sushruta, Arataeus, and Thomas Willis are among the first people to treat diabetes. Excess urination and sweet taste of urine were the only symptoms known until proved that the sweet taste was the taste of sugar, by Mathew Dobson. In the early discoveries of this disease, the patients received death sentence. In late 18th century, Johann Peter Frank differentiated between diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus. In the late 18th century, Von and his colleagues discovered that pancreas played a major role in the regulation of blood sugar. Insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreas. It reduces excess sugar from the body. Thompson was the first patient of diabetes to

Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Banking - Essay Example The article argues that the Softcard, a product comprising T-Mobile and Verizon Wireless companies’ technology will enable the existing users to access services from 14,000 outlets of the McDonalds fast food chain. The author’s research argues that the Softcard services will service the existing and emerging clientele using any of the chosen eighty mobile devices. The author succeeds in analyzing the propulsion of the US economy through wireless financial services from a comparative approach that includes different countries. The research successfully indicates that the NFC, Apple Pay, and Softcard are gaining a reasonable clientele population in nations such as Australia and UK (Ginovsky 1). The author cites that 60% of the debit card users’ activities increased by 18% after the technology’s introduction; thus, leading to revenue increment of $3 billion (Ginovsky 1). The research predicts an increment of the services’ users to be 80% by 2020. Therefore, the banking periodical and the author’s research serve in delivering knowledge to the banking professional about the ongoing and the expected changes in the banking industry, as such information will enhance preparedness to overcome the challenges that might

Regression Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regression Analysis - Research Paper Example Introduction In order to check the relationship between benefits and the intrinsic, extrinsic and total job satisfaction, 3 bivariate regressions are run. Using the regression equations the linear relationship between the independent variable (benefit) and the 3 sets of dependent variables (total job satisfaction, intrinsic job satisfaction and extrinsic job satisfaction) is established. Bivariate regression analysis shows how the explanatory power of the independent variable in determining the values of the dependent variable (Malhotra, 543). The results from the regression analysis are explained in details. ... from Excel Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.172306 R Square 0.029689 Adjusted R Square 0.001151 Standard Error 0.352328 Observations 36 ANOVA Â   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.129141 0.129141 1.040326 0.314948704 Residual 34 4.220582 0.124135 Total 35 4.349722 Â   Â   Â   Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 5.1302975 0.179009596 28.6593 2.1E-25 4.766506281 5.4940888 4.76650628 5.49408881 X Variable 1 0.0376321 0.036895473 1.01996 0.31495 -0.03734857 0.1126127 -0.0373486 0.11261267 Graph Key components of the regression analysis Dependent Variable Slope Y-intercept Equation Intrinsic 0.169682348 4.427844793 Benefits= 4.427844793 + 0.16982348*(Intrinsic) 0.16493309 Extrinsic -0.16220711 6.157338158 Benefits= 6.157338158 -0.16220711*(Extrinsic) 0.287582114 Overall 0.0376321 5.1302975 Benefits= 5.1302975 + 0.0376321*(Overall) 0.0296894 Similarities and Differences Similarity: the intercepts of all the thre e regressions are positive and significant at 5% level of significance (as the p-value for all the 3 regressions are less than 0.05) Dissimilarity: The correlation between benefits-total job satisfaction and benefits-intrinsic job satisfaction is positive (as the slope between them is positive) but the correlation between benefits-extrinsic job satisfaction is negative (as the slope between them is negative) The regression results between benefits-intrinsic job satisfaction and benefits-extrinsic job satisfaction is significant at 5% level of confidence (as the p-value for these two is less than 0.05) but the result of benefit-total job satisfaction came to be insignificant at 5% level of confidence. Correlation coefficients The strongest correlation coefficient is between benefits and intrinsic job

Giza Pyramids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Giza Pyramids - Essay Example Theories of aliens having built the pyramids at Giza are far-fetched and have not been proved to date. These theories are sometimes advanced by well-known archaeologists like Abdel Gallad, but their theories often are based on conjectures and guesses that are unable to stand the test of rigorous academic work by other historians (Todd, 1993). They are often inspired by the sensational nature of researches that surround the pyramids and the conspiracy theories that surround them, accompanied by talk of the power of the dead pharaoh, which has been well-documented in popular culture through films and stories. There are however, theories that talk of the creation of the pyramids by human hands. Prominent among these is the theory that is put forward by Joseph Davidovits and Margie Morris, who talk of how the very idea of huge rocks having been hauled up could be wrong. They discuss the possibility of slurry being carried up to the heights of the pyramid and then poured into parts of it where it would solidify into the shape that was desirable. This theory tries to address the difficulty of lifting rocks to the incredible heights that the pyramids were constructed at (Morris, 1988). Andrzej Bochnacki proposes another theory that tries to explain the mystery of the pyramids.

Globalization and Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Globalization and Healthcare - Essay Example Professions in the field of construction and engineering have greatly contributed in enhancing healthcare research. Engineers ensure that devices used in healthcare are of quality through their role of quality control and inspections. Additionally, medical devices and machineries require frequent maintenances, which is done by engineering technologist. This paper focuses on the role of construction and engineering in globalization of healthcare. Additionally, the paper will analyze how construction and engineering projects affect global healthcare. There are several roles played by construction and engineering professions in enhancing healthcare. Health care professon do not have skill required to design and manufacture healthcare devices and machineries. The healthcare facilities require to be designed and constructed appropriately, which is only possible through the intention of engineers. Additionally, health care providers cannot maintain the machineries as well as the healthcare facilities. The role of engineers is thus crucial for effective operations in the hospitals. For sustainable health care provision, the healthcare providers must partner with professions from construction and engineering. For globalization of healthcare there is need for changes in medical technologies, which are designed, developed and maintained by engineers. Engineering technologists working in the field of research are involved in developing and manufacture of hospital equipment. The equipment could be for conducting experiments, data collection, record keeping, as well as for diagnosis and treatment purposes. Research conducted by engineering technologists aid in designing of new equipment such as computer aided machineries improving healthcare provision. Professions in construction and engineering play the role of designing and construction health care facilities. They ensure that the healthcare facilities are conducive

Model for the Up-gradation of the E-mail System Essay

Model for the Up-gradation of the E-mail System - Essay Example You would agree that a large project management team definitely requires managerial capabilities. The model again fails to address soft skills which again is a necessity for any management function. There are other project management bodies like the PMI, each with their own body of knowledge. Currently there is no shared version of bodies of knowledge among them and there could exist conflicts among these models. "The intent in making these points is not to argue that one BoK is "better" than another - hopefully the different models will slowly converge - but that as it stands the PMI model is unnecessarily, and even dangerously, delimiting the scope of the discipline." (Morris, P.12). These are three major shortcomings attributed to the PMBOK model. As you may be aware, the model was introduced in 1987 and due to its inadequacy, again modified in 1988 under the guidance of Professor Alan Stretton. Even this model has not been found to be satisfactory be the Project Management Instit ute. Newer and more efficient models have been developed in the last decade and two of them are discussed here. This model was developed by Kevin Forsberg, Hal Mooz, and Howard Cotterman in the late 1990's. This model was developed in consultation with hundreds of project managers and consultants. The advantage of this project is that concepts of management are also integrated into the model, something which was lacking in the PMBOK model. A graphical representation of the model is given here. (Project management models in the new century). It can be seen that almost all aspects that go into a project is represented here. It also shows that executive support is essential by showing this aspect as the platform on which the whole project is resting. The model is shown as a wheel with and axle. Four essential elements are incorporated into the model. "These four elements are: a common vocabulary, teamwork, the sequential project life cycle, and management elements." (Project management models in the new century). The wheel has the following elements namely, Project Requirements, Organizing Options, Project Team, Project Planning, Opportunity and Risk, Project Control, Project Visibility, Project Status, and Corrective Action. Leadership is given an important role and is shown as the rim of the wheel. In other words, it is the leadership rim that holds the project together. The concept here is that, as the wheel rotates, it moves forward on the axle. The axle contains the following elements namely, User, Concept, System, Plan, Sourcing, Implementation, Deployment, Operations, and Deactivation. This is the actual process by which a project will move forward. So as the project wheel turns (begins) it moves along the process until it is completed (deactivation). Three more essential elements are shown in the axle namely Technical, Business, and Budget aspects of the project. Another important feature of this model is that the axle and the wheel rest on two pillars teamwork and common vocabulary. As mentioned earlier the whole structure rests on the platform of executive support. Almost all respects of a project is shown here in simple and lucid manner. Most importantly this model